The Constitution of India encompasses 12 Schedules, which outline various provisions and details crucial to the functioning of the nation. The concept of Schedules was initially introduced in the Government of India Act, 1935, which featured 10 Schedules. When the Indian Constitution was adopted in 1949, it comprised 8 Schedules. Over time, through amendments to the Indian Constitution, the number of Schedules has expanded to its current count of 12, reflecting the evolving needs and complexities of governance in India.
List of Schedules of Indian Constitution
| Schedules | Features of Schedules | Related Articles |
|---|---|---|
| First Schedule | It contains the name of States and Union Territories , Territorial Jurisdiction of states is also included | Article 1 to Article 4 |
| Second Schedule | The provisions in relation to allowances, privileges, emoluments of: President of India, Governors of Indian States, Speaker of Lok Sabha & Deputy Speaker of Lok Sabha, Chairman of Rajya Sabha & Deputy Chairman of Rajya Sabha, Speaker and Deputy Speaker of Legislative Assemblies of Indian States, Chairman and Deputy Chairman of Legislative Councils of the Indian States, Supreme Court Judges, High Court Judges, Comptroller & Auditor General of India (CAG) | Articles 59(3), 65(3), 75(6), 97, 125, 148(3), 158(3), 164 (5), 186 and 221 |
| Third Schedule | It contains the forms of oath and affirmation for: Union Ministers of India , Parliament Election Candidates , Members of Parliament (MPs) , Supreme Court Judges , Comptroller and Auditor General , State Ministers , State Legislature Elections’ Candidates , State Legislature Members , High Court Judges | Articles 75(4), 99, 124(6), 148(2), 164(3), 188 and 219 |
| Fourth Schedule | It contains the provisions in relation to the allocation of seats for States and Union Territories in the Rajya Sabha | Articles 4(1) and 80(2) |
| Fifth Schedule | It contains provisions in relation to the administration and control of scheduled areas and scheduled tribes | Article 244(1) |
| Sixth Schedule | It contains provisions in relation to the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram | Articles 244(2) and 275(1) |
| Seventh Schedule | This schedule deals with the three legislative lists: Union List , State List , Concurrent List Note: The Parliament has the authority to enact legislation pertaining to residual Subjects or those that are not included in any of the three lists. | Article 246 |
| Eighth Schedule | It deals with the 22 official languages recognized by the Constitution of India: Assamese , Bengali , Bodo , Dogri (Dongri) , Gujarati , Hindi , Kannada , Kashmiri , Konkani , Mathili(Maithili) , Malayalam , Manipuri , Marathi , Nepali , Oriya , Punjabi , Sanskrit , Santhali , Sindhi , Tamil , Telugu , Urdu | Articles 344(1) and 351 |
| Ninth Schedule | It deals with the state acts and regulations of that deal with land reforms and abolition of the zamindari system. It also deals with the acts and regulations of the Parliament dealing with other matters. Note: 1st Amendment Act 1951 added the Ninth Schedule to protect the laws included in it from judicial scrutiny on the ground of violation of fundamental rights. However, in 2007, the Supreme Court ruled that the laws included in this schedule after April 24, 1973, are now open to judicial review. | Article 31B |
| Tenth Schedule | It contains provisions relating to disqualification of the members of Parliament and State Legislatures on the ground of defection. Note:This schedule was added by the 52nd Amendment Act of 1985, also known as Anti-defection Law | Articles 102(2) and 191(2) |
| Eleventh Schedule | It contains the provisions that specify the powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats. It has 29 matters. Note:This schedule was added by the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992 | Article 243G |
| Twelfth Schedule | It deals with the provisions that specify the powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities. It has 18 matters. Note:This schedule was added by the 74th Amendment Act of 1992 | Article 243W |
List of States and Union Territories
Subjects in The 11th and 12th Schedule
| Subjects in 11th Schedule (Panchayats) | Subjects in 12th Schedule (Municipalities) |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, including agricultural extension | Urban planning |
| Minor irrigation, water management, and watershed development | Regulation of land use and construction of buildings |
| Fisheries | Planning for economic and social development |
| Minor forest produces | Roads and bridges |
| Rural Housing | Water supply for domestic, industrial, and commercial purposes |
| Drinking water | Public health, sanitation conservancy, and solid waste management |
| Roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways, and other means of communication | Fire services |
| Non-conventional energy sources | Urban forestry, protection of the environment, and promotion of ecological aspects |
| Education, including primary and secondary schools | Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and mentally retarded |
| Adult and non-formal education | Slum improvement and upgradation |
| Cultural activities | Urban poverty alleviation |
| Health and sanitation, including hospitals and dispensaries | Provision of urban amenities and facilities |
| Women and child development | Promotion of cultural, educational, and aesthetic aspects |
| Maintenance of community assets | Burials and burial grounds cremations, cremation grounds, and electric crematoriums |
| The welfare of the weaker sections, particularly of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes | Cattle pounds prevention of cruelty to animals |
| Land improvement, implementation of land reforms, land consolidation, and soil conservation | Vital statistics include registration of births and deaths |
| Animal husbandry, dairying, and poultry | Public amenities like street lighting, bus stops, parking lots, etc. |
| Social forestry and farm forestry | Regulation of slaughterhouses and tanneries |
| Small-scale industries, including food processing industries | |
| Khadi, village, and cottage industries | |
| Fuel and fodder | |
| Rural electrification, including the distribution of electricity | |
| Poverty alleviation program | |
| Technical training and vocational education | |
| Libraries | |
| Markets and fairs | |
| Family welfare | |
| Social welfare, including the welfare of the handicapped and mentally retarded | |
| Public distribution system |